A Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Video Teaching Programme on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice regarding Hazards of Open Toilet among the Slum people at Rajkot
Nikunj Virda, Rani Jay Sudha, Jeenath Justin Doss. K.
1II Year M.Sc. Nursing, Community Health Nursing, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing,
Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot.
2Guide, Community Health Nursing, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park,
B/h Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot.
3Principal, Shri Anand Institute of Nursing, Opp. Ghanteshwar Park, B/h Sainik Society, Jamnagar Road, Rajkot.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: ahirnikunj445@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
The Prevention and it’s control of complication of renal failure has an important role in enabling effectiveness of self-instruction module as an independent intervention. The objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instruction module on knowledge regarding lifestyle modification of renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis. The research design adopted was pre-experimental. The conceptual framework applied for this study was Conceptual Framework based on Pender’s Health promotion model. The study was conducted in B. T. Savani hospital, Rajkot. The sample size was 40 as a self-instruction module and lifestyle modification was administered for 7 days to according to feasibility and availability of patients again the level of knowledge was assessed by the use of questionnaires with the help of post-test scores. The collected data were analyzed by using inferential statistical method. Chi-square was used to evaluate the effectiveness of self-instruction module on knowledge regarding lifestyle modification of renal failure. The obtained Chi-square value is more than the tabulated value at the level of 0.05 for these demographic variables. Hence their findings of the study revealed that the self-instruction module on knowledge regarding lifestyle modification of renal failure among patients undergoing hemodialysis with selected demographic variables.
KEYWORDS: To Evaluate, Effectiveness, Self Instruction Module, Knowledge, Lifestyle Modification, Renal Failure Patients, Hemodialysis.
INTRODUCTION:
Open Toilet, which is the act of relieving oneself in the open or inappropriately disposing of excreta, is a public health concern. Over 1 billion people engage in the practice worldwide, contributing to many problems, including water contamination and the spread of diseases leading to, among other things, childhood malnutrition.
Furthermore, 2.5 billion individuals do not use improved sanitation facilities, which “ensure the hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact” and prevent contamination of the local environment. Poor sanitation and hygiene have been linked to specific negative health outcomes, including diarrheal disease. Although preventable and treatable, diarrheal disease remains the second leading cause of death in children under age five worldwide, resulting in approximately 750,000 deaths annually. Furthermore, observational data has shown an association between childhood diarrhoea and height; interventions that encourage fecal containment are associated with reductions in diarrheal disease and enteric parasite infections. Given the scale and scope of these adverse effects, the UN included sanitation as one of its Millennium Development Goals1.
One of the fundamental necessities of humans is the elimination of waste. A "toilet" is a bowel movement that involves the evacuation of feces. via the anus and rectum. Stools are passed through an open space on an open air toilet. In impoverished neighbourhoods where sanitation facilities are disregarded, it is a widely observed ritual. Human excrement in an open setting can lead to a variety of health risks, including cholera, diarrhoea, hookworm infection, and dysentery2.
NEED FOR THE STUDY:
WHO and UNICEF report released in May in 2012 India accounts for about 60 percent of the world’s residents without toilets, according to The country’s 50 percent open Toilet rate compares with 23 percent in Pakistan, 3 percent in Bangladesh and 1 percent in China, the report said Indian statistics shows that in slum areas where more than half of Mumbai lives an average 81 people share a single toilet. In some places it rises to an eye watering 273. Even the lowest average is still 58 according to local municipal authority figures. The United Nation estimates 2009 that 55% of Indians still defecates outside, more than 60 years after the scrupulously clean independence leader Mahatma Gandhi first talked of the responsible disposal of human waste. Jack Sim takes a very keen interest in such matters as the founder and president of the world toilet organization (WTO) he has made it his mission to improve sanitation across the globe.3
India has “a lot of work to do” to improve sanitation, not just because of its impact on health and the spread of disease such as Diarrhea, which UNICEF says kills 1000 Indian children aged under five every day. It also tarnishes the image of a country that likes to portray itself as an emerging world economic super power, The Singapore businessman said on a visit to Mumbai, where he was promoting world toilet day on November19.4
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:
· To evaluate slum dwellers' current knowledge, attitudes, and practices on the risks associated with using open toilets.
· To assess how well the video education program on open toilets has affected the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Rajkot's slum dwellers.
· To determine whether knowledge of the negative consequences of open toilets is correlated with the demographic characteristics they have chosen.
HYPOTHESES:
H1- There will be a noticeable difference in the slum population's knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding the risks associated with using an open toilet between the pretest and posttest.
H2- There will be significant association between posttest knowledge scores with selected demographic variables open field.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
RESEARCH APPROACH:
Quantitative research approach.
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Pre- Experimental Research Design.
VARIABLES:
Independent variable:
The study includes age, sex, marital status, family type, education, profession, and socioeconomic level as independent factors.
Dependent variable:
The study's dependent variable is the participants' level of understanding, attitude, and use of open toilets.
SETTING:
The study was conducted in Slum area in Rajkot.
POPULATION:
In this study the target population were people living at slum areas of Rajkot.
SAMPLING SIZE:
Totally 60 samples were collected who met the inclusion criteria were selected for this present study.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:
The technique adopted for this study was convenient sampling. All the people living at selected slum area, Rajkot.
Data analysis:
The data were analyzed by using inferential and descriptive measures.
Demographic Findings:
· Of the 28 responders, the majority (46.7%) were in the 31–40 age range. Of the 32, the majority (53.3%) were men. Forty-five percent (75%) of the respondents were single. Of 44, the majority (73.3%) belonged to a joint family. Seventy-two (70%) of the 42 were illiterate. The majority of 29 (48.3%) were employed on a daily basis. Of the 32, the majority (53.3%) belonged to the IV class socioeconomic status. Relationship between the degree of knowledge and demographic characteristics, and of all the characteristics such as age, sex, marital status, and type of family, profession, education, socioeconomic class, and family structure possessed a connection.
· Association between the level of Knowledge and demographic variables and out of all demographic variables like Age, Sex, Marital status, Type of family, Education, Profession and Socio-economic status, type of family and Education had association.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
Effectiveness of Video-Based Education Program on Risks Associated with Open Toilets in Terms of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice: In terms of Knowledge, the mean scores for the pre-test and post-test are 4.4667 and 8.3667, respectively; the mean difference is 3.90. The standard deviation for the pre-test and post-test is 2.11906 and 1.52900, yielding a "t" value of 26.37*** with 59 degree of freedom (p=3.4632) that is highly significant at the 0.001 level.
CONCLUSION:
The primary finding of this study is that while the majority of respondents from Rajkot's slum areas had insufficient knowledge during the pre-test, most of them acquired acceptable knowledge following the scheduled instruction program. Health education has the potential to be a very effective teaching strategy that modifies people's knowledge, attitudes, and practices while promoting healthier lifestyle choices.
1. Basavanthappa B T. Text Book of Community Health Nursing, 2nd edition New Delhi; J P Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd, 2008; P NO. 340
2. Park K. Park Text Book of Preventive and Social Medicine, 19th Edition Jabalpur; Banarasi Das Bhanot Publishers, 2007; P No.115, 566.
3. Kotari. C R. Text Book of Research Methodology - Methods and Techniques 2nd Edition, 7thReprint New Delhi; Vishwa Prakashan Ltd; P NO 285.
4. P K Jha. Health and Social benefits for improving community Hygiene and sanitation, an Indian experience. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 2003; 13: S133, S140.
Received on 29.02.2024 Modified on 09.04.2024
Accepted on 11.05.2024 ©A&V Publications All right reserved
A and V Pub Int. J. of Nursing and Medical Res. 2024; 3(3):103-105.
DOI: 10.52711/ijnmr.2024.22